Hydrogels hold substantial promise for use in intelligent wearable devices that can translate gestures into recognizable signals. However, the practical deployment of conventional hydrogels is hindered by their inadequate mechanical robustness and poor environmental stability. To overcome these limitations, this study functionalized reduced graphene oxide (rGO) through amino-group modification (NH₂-rGO) and incorporated functionalized rGO and phytic acid (PA) into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix to fabricate a PVA/PA/NH₂-rGO composite conductive hydrogel. The effects of PA and NH₂-rGO concentrations on the properties of the hydrogel were systematically investigated. The incorporation of a small amount of NH₂-rGO markedly improved the mechanical performance of the PVA/PA₄/NH₂-rGO_0.1 hydrogel, yielding a tensile strength of 0.7 MPa and an elongation at break of 305%. At the same time, dynamic hydrogen bonds within the network imparted the hydrogel with excellent cyclic durability. As non-toxic and environmentally benign components, NH₂-rGO and PA also contributed to enhanced conductivity, resulting in the high strain sensitivity of the composite hydrogel. Under both small (8%) and large (268%) strains, the hydrogel showed pronounced changes in relative electrical resistance, corresponding to a gauge factor of 2.38. Furthermore, a wearable strain sensor based on the prepared hydrogel accurately recognized gestures. Through the integration with machine learning algorithms, we developed a sign-language translation system capable of recognizing multiple gestures with high precision. This work provides a solid foundation for next-generation intelligent sign-language recognition technologies and offers broad potential for applications in human-machine interfaces, smart wearables, and the Internet of Things.

The development of lightweight, multifunctional materials that integrate intelligent sensing with active protection is critically important for next-generation spacesuits and protective equipment operating in extreme environments. However, the integration of highly stable sensing performance with efficient electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding over a broad temperature range remains a formidable challenge. Herein, through rational structural and compositional design, we fabricated a multifunctional composite aerogel composed of reduced graphene oxide, polyimide fibers, ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid, and cobalt nitrate hexahydrate, enabling the seamless integration of wide temperature sensing and high-performance EMI shielding within a single material platform. The resulting aerogel exhibits stable and highly repeatable sensing behavior across a temperature range from -75 to 150 ℃, as well as rapid response and recovery times (29 and 35 ms, respectively) under a 1 kg load and negligible performance degradation throughout 5000 loading-unloading cycles. Additionally, the composite shows excellent EMI shielding effectiveness, up to 48 dB in the 8-12 GHz. Thus, this work provides a viable strategy for the design of multifunctional materials capable of reliable operation under harsh conditions and offers new insights into the integrated development of intelligent sensing and protective systems for aerospace and extreme-environment applications.