In order to reduce the perturbation of shield underpassing high-speed railway track-roadbed system, research is conducted from the perspective of track-roadbed system vulnerability. Firstly, a complex network of shield underpassing high-speed railway track-roadbed system is established, the elements of track-roadbed system based on the three elements of vulnerability are identified, and the index system of vulnerability elements of track-roadbed system is constructed; Secondly, the importance of each node, the connection strength and the comprehensive importance of each node in turn is calculated by using the CRITIC method, the improved GRA method, and the DWnodeRank algorithm, and it is obtained of the key nodes that influence the vulnerability of track-roadbed system of high-speed railroad during the construction of shield tunnel. Finally, taking an example of a shield tunnel penetrating the high speed railway roadbed project, the key node identification model of the vulnerability of the track-roadbed system is verified and the key nodes of the exposability network layer are identified as: The shield tunneling speed, tunneling thrust, etc; The key nodes of the sensitivity network layer are the reinforcement method and the operating speed of the high speed railway, etc; And the key node of the adaptive network layer is the level of the construction management. The key nodes of the adaptability network layer are the construction party's project management and coordination capabilities, the number of high-speed railway roadbed measurement points during shield tunneling, etc. The key nodes of the vulnerability of high-speed railway track-roadbed system under the shield tunneling conditions are identified as the construction party's project management and coordination capabilities and the shield tunneling speed, etc. The results of the study can provide an effective guide for the management of the construction of shield tunneling through high-speed railways.