Macroalgae represent valuable marine resources, being rich in bioactive glyceroglycolipids with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, the extraction processes for glyceroglycolipids from Palmaria palmata, Chorda filum, and Enteromorpha clathrata were systematically optimized. Using single-factor and response surface methodologies, optimal extraction conditions were established, achieving yields of 69.96 mg/g, 65.14 mg/g, and 85.73 mg/g, respectively. The resultant extracts were subsequently evaluated for their antioxidant and hygroscopic-moisturizing activities. It was observed that the glyceroglycolipid extracts exhibited a significant, concentration-dependent increase in the scavenging of DPPH, hydroxyl, and ABTS radicals, although their overall efficacy remained lower than that of vitamin C. In terms of hygroscopic and moisturizing properties, the extracts performed better than hyaluronic acid but were inferior to glycerol across varying humidity conditions. Further purification employing liquid-liquid extraction, thin-layer chromatography, and silica gel column chromatography enabled the isolation of specific glyceroglycolipid fractions. Additionally, treatment of Channa argus fillets with these glyceroglycolipids resulted in improved physicochemical indices compared to the control group, effectively delaying spoilage. These findings underscore the potential of marine macroalgae-derived glyceroglycolipids in food preservation, providing a solid foundation for further research and application within the food industry.

Sargassum seaweeds are widely distributed across temperate and tropical seas globally, boasting abundant biomass, an affordable price, high aesthetic value, and being rich in a diverse range of active substances. To assess the viability of Sargassum seaweeds as a source of active substances, a search was conducted on the Web of Science, Google Scholar and CNKI for relevant active substances derived from it. Additionally, the isolated active substances were categorized based on the species of Sargassum seaweeds. Finally, through cluster analysis using Citespace, the research trends regarding the active substances from Sargassum seaweeds were identified. Between 2014 and 2025, research on the active substances sourced from Sargassum seaweeds predominantly centered around polysaccharides and polyphenols. Fatty acids came next in focus, trailed by terpenes and phytosterols. The Sargassum species under study were mainly concentrated on 95 species. Among them, it was found that 5.38% of Sargassum seaweed, which included S. fusiforme, S. fulvellum, S. horneri, S. pallidum and S. wightii, contained nine or more active substances. However, in over 42% of the studied Sargassum seaweeds, fewer than two types of active substances were detected. Since 2004, active substances from approximately 40 species of Sargassum seaweeds have been isolated, and over 470 types of active substances have been identified. Among them, terpenoids accounts for around 30%, followed by polyphenols and polysaccharides, while other substances such as alkaloids and heterocyclic substances can make up to 20%. The authors also constructed the Database of Bioactive Substances from Sargassum seaweeds for searching active substances isolated from Sargassum seaweeds. CiteSpace analysis shows a clear hotspot shift: separating and purifying non-carbohydrate bioactive substances is a fast-growing core direction. Previously, polysaccharides dominated due to easy extraction and mature activity research. However, with advanced separation technologies and exploration of "niche" substances, non-carbohydrates (terpenoids, alkaloids, etc.) now show great potential, promising to break research bottlenecks. This study offers theoretical and practical support for Sargassum application, guiding product innovation in pharmaceuticals, food, and cosmetics.