The climate, water and soil environment of Qinba has made Shaanxi one of the provinces with the richest biodiversity in China. Shaanxi has been an important area for the growth of traditional Chinese medicine since ancient times, with reputations such as "natural medicine bank" and "no idle grass in Qin land". Authentic traditional Chinese medicine includes Eucommiae cortex, Gentianae macrophyllae radix, Salviae miltiorrhizae radix et rhizoma, and Dioscorea zingiberensis radix et rhizoma. The core of authenticity lies in the co evolution of natural environment and ecological conditions, which have shaped the properties and efficacy of traditional Chinese medicinal materials. In order to comprehensively understand the unique Chinese medicinal materials of Qinba from thousands of years of clinical experiences and research, this article selects three representative Chinese medicinal materials of Qinba from different genera, studies ancient books and modern research, and summarizes their harvesting and preparing, properties and flavors, processing and extraction, chemical composition, efficacy and treatment, and new drug development. It deeply explores the material basis of authentic Chinese medicinal materials, scientifically explains the mechanism of action, provides ideas for the rational use and scientific development of Qinba unique Chinese medicinal materials, and provides a source for the modern research and development of innovative Chinese medicine.