The utilization scale of underground space in China will continue to grow for a long period of time in the future, which can provide sufficient and stable space and facility support for a variety of emission reduction and sink enhancement technologies, and has great significance to the achievement of the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. In order to reveal the research hotspots and trend of China s underground space in response to the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, 944 academic papers published in the CNKI database before Jan. , 2024 were used as data samples, and a visual analysis was conducted based on the VOSviewer software to analyze the number of annual publications, the distribution of journals, keywords, and institutions of publications in this field. The results of the study show that the research literature on the response of China s underground space to the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality has shown fluctuating growth, with a significant increase in the number of literature in the past two years; the research content mainly focuses on the low-carbon effect of the subway, carbon utilization and storage in underground, and underground energy storage, etc. The research trend of China s underground space in response to the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality is analyzed from four aspects, namely, spatial compactness, energy diversity, functional integration, and construction phasing.