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Vanadium nitride/carbon fiber engineered with oxygen defects and vertically aligned nanosheets for high-rate flexible aqueous zinc-ion batteries
Energy Materials and Devices 2026, 4(1): 9370086
Published: 12 February 2026
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Flexible aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are promising candidates for wearable devices owing to their high safety and low cost. However, their progress is plagued by their sluggish ion-transport kinetics, which leads to inferior rate capability. Herein, a vanadium nitride/carbon fiber (VN/CF) cathode was structurally engineered to incorporate oxygen defects and a vertically aligned, porous, nanosheet architecture to overcome these issues. This structure was realized via the initial growth of vertically aligned V2O5 nanosheet templates on gas-spun carbon fibers, followed by high-temperature NH3 treatment. The oxygen defects accelerate the kinetics of bulk diffusion within VN, while the vertically aligned VN nanosheet array possesses lower charge-transfer resistance, enhancing the kinetics of surface diffusion. These features synergistically improve the overall Zn2+ transport, affording high-rate performance. Consequently, the free-standing VN/CF cathode exhibits exceptional rate performance, delivering a capacity of 263.4 mAh g−1 even at a high current density of 10 A g−1. When assembled into flexible AZIBs, the device exhibits a high-rate capability of 249.7 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1 and stable performance even under various bending deformations, demonstrating significant potential for next-generation wearable devices.

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