Active polysaccharides from food-medicine homologous sources are pivotal for the modernization of Food-Medicine Homologous substances. However, their clinical translation and efficacy exertion are hindered by three critical bottlenecks: inadequate targeting ability (prone to dispersion in non-target tissues, thus limiting efficient accumulation at lesion sites), low bioavailability (some polysaccharides with large molecular weights are susceptible to glycosidase degradation or unable to penetrate physiological barriers), and poor stability (vulnerable to pH fluctuations and enzymatic hydrolysis in the gastrointestinal tract). This paper proposes a "carrier adaptation-targeted modification-environmental response" synergistic strategy. Carrier adaptation provides a stable transportation foundation for polysaccharides, targeted modification achieves precise positioning, and environmental response ensures on-demand release at target sites. The synergistic effect of the three constructs a precise delivery system for active polysaccharides. This strategy not only addresses the delivery dilemmas of these polysaccharides but also enhances their targeting precision, bioavailability, and stability, advancing functional foods toward precision nutrition and aiding chronic disease prevention.