To further elucidate the shear resistance of anchored joints with different anchorage angles, a double shear test of anchored joints with two frictionless surfaces was carried out. The shear influence of anchorage angle on bolted joints was analyzed by comparing the shear resistance of bolted joints with different anchorage angles. Strain gauges were used to measure axial force of rock bolt at joint surface, and axial force variation law and deformation characteristics of bolts were studied when the bolted joints were subjected to shear load. The results show that the ultimate load, yield load and shear stiffness of bolted joints increase firstly and then decrease as the anchorage angle increases, and reach maximum value when the anchorage angle is 60°. The final failure modes are different when the bolted joints anchorage angles are different. When anchorage angle is small, the bolt suffers from shear-tensile failure, and the tensile-bending failure happens when the anchorage angle is larger. The results show shear resistance of bolts is fully exerted when the shear displacement is small.