In order to study the mechanical properties and energy mechanism of argillaceous dolomite under the action of dry and wet cycles, the MTS851.03 rock mechanics test system was used to perform triaxial compression tests on samples of 0, 40 and 60 dry and wet cycles, and analyzed three types The energy evolution law during the damage and failure process of argillaceous dolomite in the state, and the releasable elastic strain energy is used as the statistical distribution variable, and the damage statistical constitutive model of argillaceous dolomite is established based on the Weibull distribution. The results show that the regression relationship between the peak strength of the sample and the confining pressure in the three states conforms to the characteristics of the Mohr-Coulomb criterion expressed by the principal stress; the real-time evolution process of the energy of the argillaceous dolomite sample has phases; the dry-wet cycle makes the argillaceous dolomite. The internal damage and plastic deformation of the rock are strengthened; the strain energy of the sample at the peak point increases linearly with the confining pressure, and the energy storage limit gradually decreases with the number of dry and wet cycles; the damage statistics established with the releasable elastic strain energy as the statistical distribution variable. The constitutive model can simulate the stress-strain relationship of the specimen under three-dimensional conditions.