Prolonged disorders of consciousness (PDOC) is a kind of neurological disease caused by severe brain damage, which results in loss of consciousness more than 28 days. Vegetative state (VS), minimally conscious stateplus (MCS+) and minimally conscious state minus (MCS-) are the main states of prolonged disorders of consciousness. PDOC assessment is helpful for formulating reasonable treatment plans, promoting recovery of consciousness in PDOC patients. In clinic, the main assessment methods are behavioral rating scales, imaging examinations and so on. But above methods are impossible for continuously monitoring patients’ consciousness in real-time. Electroencephalogram (EEG) can record the state of brain’s electrical activity reflecting the level of consciousness in real-time. Moreover, sleep EEG is closely related to the level of consciousness in PDOC patients. Therefore, a novelfusion feature extraction method for PDOC assessment is proposed based on EEG data. Firstly, the PDOC-EEG signals are preprocessed by data expanding, filtering and denoising. Secondly, the pathological features of PDOC-EEG are extracted using time-domain, frequency-domain and nonlinear analysis. In this process, two new features, power weight-based channel coherence and dispersion of frequency correlation are designed. Meanwhile, consider the proportion of sleep stage duration as feature, which is related to the level of consciousnes, using EEG, EOG (electro-oculogram) and EMG (electromyogram) data. Then, fuse the extracted features. Finally, the automatic PDOC assessment is realized using random forest and back propagation neural network classifier. This method is verified by dataset of PDOC patients collected in the federal research and clinical center of intensive care medicine and rehabilitology in Russia. Numerical experiment shows that accuracy and sensitivity of the proposed method are 94.2% and 94.1%.

Epilepsy is a neurological disease caused by hypersynchronous abnormal discharge of neurons in the brain. Physiological studies have revealed that, as a type of cells widely distributed around neurons to maintain neural functional activities, glial cells can combine with the blood vessels to form the glio-vascular system, whose aberrant alterations in energy metabolism processes are closely related to the abnormal neuronal discharges during epileptic seizures. Based on these findings, the dynamic processes of energy supply in the glio-vascular system and energy consumption in neuronal discharge are firstly mathematically characterized and the dynamics equation of energy metabolism are constructed, thus a novel neuron model based on energy metabolism mechanisms is proposed. Then, combined with numerical experiments and bifurcation analysis, the dynamics transition of neuronal epileptiform discharges caused by abnormal energy metabolism and their underlying mechanisms are explored. The experimental results demonstrate that the reduced rate and steady-state value of energy production and enhanced energy consumption result in insufficient energy supply, which induces the dynamics transition of epileptiform discharges from seizures to spreading depolarization and hypoxic spreading depolarization.