Leonurus japonicus (motherwort) is included in China's List of Medicinal and Food Homologous Substances, thereby permitting its use as a health food and highlighting its significant potential for development in the application of herbal cuisine. At the same time, as an integral herb within the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) repertoire, it has been extensively utilized for the amelioration of various clinical maladies since antiquity. Due to the great variety of active components and the wide range of pharmacological action, motherwort has garnered significant research attention. By summarizing and comparing the research on motherwort in recent years, this treatise has meticulously examined the chemical constituents and their safeguarding effects on the heart, kidneys, liver, and uterus, with the aspiration of offering valuable insights for subsequent clinical utilization and health functional food development of this herb.