In view of shortcomings the current theory of vertical drains foundation thermal consolidation, a calculation model of vertical drains foundation consolidation is established based on axial symmetry, and the general solution of vertical drains foundation consolidation considering temperature and on-uniform distribution of initial excess pore water pressure is derived by analytical method. The calculation expressions of excess pore pressure and consolidation degree under trapezoidal distribution, rectangular distribution, triangle distribution and inverted triangle distribution of initial pore pressure are given. According to the analytical solution obtained, the calculation program is compiled to study the consolidation characteristics of vertical drains foundation through parameter sensitivity analysis. The results show that: The distribution of initial pore pressure has great influence on the consolidation characteristics at constant temperature. When the initial pore pressure distribution is rectangular or triangle, the dissipation rate of excess pore pressure is faster with the increase of temperature, and the pore pressure value at the bottom of the vertical drains foundation is always the largest in the consolidation process. When the initial pore pressure distribution is inverted triangle or trapezoidal, the pore pressure at the bottom of the foundation becomes larger with the increase of temperature.