To address rock excavation challenges in environmentally sensitive areas, this research team developed an innovative high-pressure air cannon integrated drilling and blasting machine. The technology combines energy-powered pneumatic impact principles with aerodynamic pulse technology, demonstrating effectiveness through comprehensive validation including concrete fragmentation trials at test sites and practical rock-breaking applications in open-cut tunnel foundation projects. Through modular integration of drilling, borehole sealing, and high-pressure pulse rock fragmentation capabilities, this equipment enables fully automated operation throughout the entire process. It offers significant advantages including explosive-free operation, minimal vibration and noise, and no toxic emissions, making it particularly suitable for applications with stringent safety and environmental requirements such as urban construction projects, tunnel engineering, and heritage conservation zones. Experimental results demonstrate that, with optimized parameters, including a 0.8 m free-surface distance and 30 MPa decompression pressure, horizontal borehole blasting achieved an energy efficiency of 2.125~2.345 kg/m(TNT equivalent) while generating interconnected fracture networks. In contrast, vertical borehole blasting produced asymmetric fracture patterns due to gravitational effects and stress redistribution, although single-cycle detonation successfully achieved decimeter-scale rock separation along predetermined stress-relief pathways. The study confirms the technical feasibility of high-pressure air-cannon rock fragmentation, while noting that its performance under complex geological conditions(including groundwater and fault zones) requires further research. Future directions include developing intelligent sensing systems for parameter optimization, investigating synergistic effects between impacts and energy-enhancing agents, and extending applications to subway shield tunneling and highway slope engineering, and ultimately advancing the widespread implementation of eco-friendly intelligent excavation technologies.

In order to solve the problem of tunnel and foundation pit excavation in complex and sensitive environment, combined with the test example of tunnel excavation engineering of a pumped storage power station project, this paper expounds the action mechanism of dry ice shaped energy rock breaking technology, puts forward the best hole sealing method matching with dry ice shaped energy rock breaking technology, discusses the rock breaking effect of dry ice shaped energy rock breaking technology under different in-situ stress conditions, and focuses on the feasibility of this technology under different rock mass conditions. The engineering application shows that: The dry ice shaped energy rock breaking technology has strong applicability to the rock mass breaking requirements with shallow buried depth and low stress limit in complex and sensitive environment. It is an effective rock breaking method under the engineering conditions of limited explosives and inconvenient mechanical construction.