The material mechanical behavior and stress system of the shallow foundation masonry structure determine that it is extremely sensitive to deformation, especially when it is adjacent to the deep foundation pit project, it is necessary to conduct safety evaluation on the masonry buildings within the affected area before the excavation of the foundation pit. In view of that, propose a three phase analysis method for deformation and damage analysis of shallow foundation masonry structures affected by adjacent deep excavation. Method relies on numerical simulation, and constructs the foundation-structure model, load-structure model and separated masonry-model in turn according to the weight of the influence factors. While reducing the amount of calculation, it can accurately predict the damage risk of masonry structure as much as possible. In this paper, based on a deep foundation pit project in Hangzhou, Use the method analyzing the deformation and damage of masonry structures affected by deep excavation, verify the calculation results with the measured data. The results show that the method can better reflect the deformation and damage risk of shallow foundation masonry structure caused by adjacent foundation pit excavation, and has good applicability in evaluating the damage of shallow foundation masonry structure and predicting structural deformation. It can provide a way of method for the advance prediction of the interaction between foundation pit excavation and surrounding buildings.