In the context of tourism development, the cultural adaptation and cultural inheritance attitude of fishing village residents are important factors to promote the sustainable development of rural tourism. Based on the theory of self-regulation attitude, this paper constructs a research model of the relationship among residents'cultural adaptation, role identity and cultural inheritance behavior. Taking fishing villages of Laoshan District, Qingdao as research cases, this paper uses questionnaire survey and structural equation model methods to conduct quantitative analysis of survey data via SPSS25.0 and Mplus8.3. The results show that: (1)In the context of tourism development, the degree of cultural adaptation of residents has a significant positive impact on cultural inheritance behavior. (2)Residents'cultural adaptation has a significant positive impact on role identity.(3)Role identity plays an intermediary role in the process of cultural adaptation and cultural inheritance. Therefore, this paper puts forward the following suggestions: increase the supply of public cultural services in fishing villages, and build a good cultural atmosphere to promote the cultural adaptation of residents. Establish a tourism feedback mechanism to enhance the sense of tourism acquisition of fishing village residents and role identity. The combination of static protection and dynamic inheritance will build a new and dynamic cultural ecology of fishing villages.