Finger citron is a medicinal and edible plant belonging to the Citrus genus in the Rutaceae family. It contains polysaccharides, essential oils, flavonoids, coumarins, dietary fiber and other bioactive components. The health benefits of finger citron mainly include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-anxiety, anti-depression functions. This paper review recent findings of the bioactive components in finger citron and their health benefits and discusses the future prospects of microbial transformation, so as to offer guidance for the research, development and commercialization of functional foods based on finger citron.