The rapid expansion of urban rail transit networks has established the subway as a crucial mode of transportation for urban dwellers. Recent public safety incidents, like the 9/15 London subway bombing and the 7/20 Zhengzhou rainstorm disaster, as an important part of the rail transit network have highlighted the significant impact of rail transit station underground public spaces on citizen safety. This study adopts the "simulation-evaluation-identification-optimization" research approach. Initially, through a literature review, a resilience evaluation system for the safety of rail transit station underground public spaces will be established. Subsequently, three commercial rail transit stations in Dalian will be chosen. On-site investigations will be conducted to gather spatial layout characteristics and peak-hour passenger flow details. Using Anylogic software, the operation and evacuation status of underground public spaces at each station during peak hours will be simulated, and essential data will be collected. Thirdly, the safety resilience of each station will be assessed based on simulation experiment results. Weaknesses in the safety resilience of rail transit station underground public spaces will be identified, and optimization solutions will be proposed through specialized research. Finally, a construction strategy for enhancing the safety resilience of rail transit station underground public spaces will be summarized.