This study aims to investigate the effect of regular health examinations on improving medical compliance in elderly individuals. Using a randomized controlled trial method, 200 elderly patients who underwent health check-ups at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from April 2023 to May 2024 were randomly divided into a study group and a control group, with 100 cases in each group. The study group received regular health examination interventions, while the control group underwent irregular health examinations. By systematically recording indicators such as lifestyle habits and physical health status in both groups, this research focused on comparing differences in quality of life and medical compliance. The results show that elderly individuals in the study group scored significantly higher than the control group across key metrics including disease awareness level, health self-management ability, and medication adherence, with the differences reaching statistical significance (P < 0.05). Regarding the quality-of-life assessment, the study group demonstrated significantly higher vitality scores, physical function scores, and mental health scores compared to the control group’s corresponding measures. All differences reached a statistically significant level (P < 0.05). This study demonstrates that regular health examinations, as systematic intervention measures, not only effectively enhance medical compliance among elderly individuals but also significantly improve their overall quality of life and promote physical-mental wellness. These findings provide crucial evidence for elderly health management practices and hold substantial clinical promotion value. We recommend widely implementing regular health examination services in primary healthcare institutions and community elderly care centers to better address the health needs of the elderly population.