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Stokes-Dirac structures for distributed parameter port-Hamiltonian systems: An analytical viewpoint
Communications in Analysis and Mechanics 2023, 15(3): 362-387
Published: 15 September 2023
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In this paper, we prove that a large class of linear evolution partial differential equations defines a Stokes-Dirac structure over Hilbert spaces. To do so, the theory of boundary control system is employed. This definition encompasses problems from mechanics that cannot be handled by the geometric setting given in the seminal paper by van der Schaft and Maschke in 2002. Many worked-out examples stemming from continuum mechanics and physics are presented in detail, and a particular focus is given to the functional spaces in duality at the boundary of the geometrical domain. For each example, the connection between the differential operators and the associated Hilbert complexes is illustrated.

Open Access Research Article Issue
Stokes-Lagrange and Stokes-Dirac representations of N-dimensional port-Hamiltonian systems for modeling and control
Communications in Analysis and Mechanics 2025, 17(2): 474-519
Published: 09 May 2025
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In this paper, we extended the port-Hamiltonian framework by introducing the concept of Stokes-Lagrange structure, which enables the implicit definition of a Hamiltonian over an N-dimensional domain and incorporates energy ports into the system. This new framework parallels the existing Dirac and Stokes-Dirac structures. We proposed the Stokes-Lagrange structure as a specific case where the subspace is explicitly defined via differential operators that satisfy an integration-by-parts formula. By examining various examples through the lens of the Stokes-Lagrange structure, we demonstrated the existence of multiple equivalent system representations. These representations provide significant advantages for both numerical simulation and control design, offering additional tools for the modeling and control of port-Hamiltonian systems.

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