Viral concentrations in plasma can be suppressed by antiviral drugs, yet reactivation of latently infected cells is the main obstacle to total human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) elimination. In this paper, to characterize the within-host dynamics of HIV with impaired immunity, we formulated and analyzed a general HIV infection model involving diffusion and three delays. Uninfected CD4 ${}^{+}$T cells were at risk of infection when they came into contact with three viral transmission routes, namely virus-to-cell infection, latent cell-to-cell transmission, and cell-to-cell transmission, all characterized by general incidence functions. Viral infection reproduction number was calculated, and the global properties were demonstrated. Numerical simulations were carried out to illustrate the corresponding theoretical results.

In this paper, the dynamical behaviors for a diffusive and delayed viral infection model with two modes of transmission were investigated. The uninfected cells dynamics, two infection modes for both virus-to-cell infection and cell-to-cell transmission, and concentration dependence for the latently infected cells, infected cells, viruses, and B cells were modeled by seven general nonlinear functions along with some assumptions. The basic reproduction number was calculated and demonstrated the global properties of the virus model. The theoretical results were illustrated by numerical simulations.