Identifying gas-bearing reservoirs remains challenging in seismic exploration because the time-frequency (TF) response of seismic signals is often complex and difficult to interpret. Newly developed TF post-processing methods enhance the energy concentration of traditional TF spectra, yielding a peak-shaped TF representation. However, such a representation may overlook the inherent time-width and bandwidth of seismic wavelets, limiting a comprehensive characterization of abnormal TF responses. To address this issue, this paper proposes an energy-concentrated transform (ECT) within the Wigner-Ville distribution framework. The ECT uses the second-order central moments of the local energy distribution to concentrate the diffused energy into the relevant TF interval, rather than reassigning the energy to the centroid as existing TF post-processing methods do. This approach not only concentrates the diffuse TF energy but also preserves essential time-width and bandwidth features important for geological interpretation. Its theoretical foundation is validated, demonstrating consistency with the Morlet wavelet spectrum. Numerical tests show that the ECT exhibits low sensitivity to window length and has strong noise robustness. Furthermore, field seismic data indicate that the ECT provides a clearer TF distribution, enabling the reliable identification of gas-bearing reservoirs.

As seismic signals propagate underground, the subsurface media absorb high–frequency components, decreasing seismic resolution and limiting the identification and characterization of thin reservoirs. To address the limitation, this paper proposes a multichannel spectral fitting (MSF) method. The MSF method aims to enhance seismic resolution by considering the spectral characteristics and the correlations between adjacent seismic traces. The key to the MSF method involves utilizing the amplitude spectrum of the attenuated Ricker wavelet to construct an objective function for spectral fitting, leading to improved seismic resolution. Furthermore, the MSF method establishes the correlation between adjacent seismic traces as a constraint to stably solve the target parameters based on the entire seismic spectrum, which helps obtain horizontally consistent and more realistic seismic signals. Synthetic and field seismic examples demonstrate that the proposed method not only provides higher-resolution seismic signals but also reveals more fine details of thin reservoirs compared to the time-variant spectral whitening method. It is concluded that the MSF method is a promising tool for seismic signal processing.