University laboratories, serving as core venues for experimental teaching and scientific research, undertake the crucial mission of knowledge innovation, technological invention, and cultivating students' innovative consciousness and comprehensive competencies. However, laboratory safety management faces significant challenges due to disciplinary diversity, hazard source complexity, and high personnel mobility. To enhance the efficiency of laboratory safety risk prevention and control, achieving scientific, standardized, and professional safety management, this paper proposes a differentiated control strategy based on disciplinary characteristics and risk levels. Adopting a multi-pronged research methodology combining theoretical analysis with empirical case studies, this research investigates the implementation pathways and management system optimization for hierarchical and categorized laboratory safety management in universities.

First, a comprehensive theoretical framework for laboratory safety classification and grading is systematically analyzed, forming the foundation for developing a practical management system. Second, leveraging the practical experience of Chongqing University's laboratory management, the research constructs a hierarchical and categorized safety management system. This system integrates key components: dynamic hazard identification mechanisms, quantitative risk assessment methodologies, and continuous optimization of responsibility systems. The research employs analytical tools including Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) and Safety Check Lists (SCL) to rigorously identify potential hazards, establish detailed risk source inventories, and conduct thorough safety risk assessments. Furthermore, the implementation adheres to guiding principles encompassing comprehensiveness, objectivity, disciplinary specialization, dynamic adaptability, centralized oversight, scientific rigor, and the application of the highest standards. Through literature review, case analysis, and practical application, the research provides a holistic exploration of laboratory safety management optimization.

This research successfully develops a comprehensive hierarchical and categorized laboratory safety management system. Key innovations include: ① a dynamic hazard identification mechanism enabling real-time risk monitoring; ② a quantitative risk assessment module facilitating objective risk evaluation; and ③ an optimized responsibility system clarifying roles and responsibilities. The system enhances the safety hazard investigation mechanism, provides explicit risk control and emergency response guidelines, and establishes a “university-school-laboratory” three-tiered management responsibility framework. It also proposes a dynamic adjustment mechanism and standardized process for reviewing and updating laboratory classifications, ensuring adaptability. Implementing hierarchical and classified management significantly improves laboratory management efficiency, enabling precise and refined safety control.

This management mode not only helps reduce safety risks and enhance prevention capabilities but also promotes interdisciplinary collaboration and improves equipment utilization rates. However, persistent challenges include difficulties in implementing control systems, formulating tailored standards and regulations, mitigating human factors, and ensuring timely dynamic adjustments. Therefore, universities need to establish a comprehensive laboratory safety responsibility system, develop institution-specific standards and regulations, strengthen laboratory personnel training to enhance safety awareness and emergency response capabilities, and utilize modern technology to optimize dynamic adjustment mechanisms. These efforts are crucial for achieving scientific, standardized, and professional laboratory safety management.