Burn wounds present significant challenges for traditional dressings due to excessive exudate secretion and persistent inflammation. To address these, the study developed a multifunctional high-exudate-absorption patch (SPC@C) loaded with bioactive curcumin nanoparticles for enhanced burn wound healing. A biomimetic three-dimensional nanoflower hybrid was synthesized through a mild one-pot self-assembly process. It was loaded into an acrylamide-sodium alginate hydrogel and dried, producing the SPC@C patch. The exudate absorption capacity, drug release characteristics, as well as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of the patch were systematically studied. Additionally, the pro-healing performance and potential mechanisms in vivo were evaluated using a rat burn model. SPC@C absorbs wound exudate rapidly, transforming its initially dense internal network to a macroporous structure, thereby facilitating the release of the bioactive curcumin. In vitro, SPC@C exhibited a significant capacity to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitigate the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, it suppressed the expression of pivotal pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β) and modulated macrophage M1-to-M2 polarization. In vivo, SPC@C significantly improved epidermal regeneration, angiogenesis, and collagen deposition in burn tissues. RNA sequencing analysis showed that in burn tissues, SPC@C releases curcumin to modulate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory immunomodulation by regulating the AMPK/Sirt3/NF-κB signaling axis. This work provides a theoretical foundation for developing materials aimed at managing burn wound exudate and modulating the immune responses.

The colonization of microorganisms planted on the surface of teeth and restoration materials is the main cause of oral disease and treatment failure. How to improve the antibacterial properties of dental materials is a hot topic in dentistry. Nano - sized antibacterial materials have attracted much attention. Among them, metal and metal oxide nanoparticles are prominent due to their strong and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Thus, in recent years, many studies have used metal and metal oxide nanoparticles to develop antimicrobial dental materials for resin restoration, root canal therapy, orthodontic treatment, and implant surface and removable denture repair and have found that the antibacterial properties of nano-sized materials are significantly enhanced. However, the mechanical properties and esthetic properties of the modified materials are affected, so it is still necessary to explore appropriate modification methods. In addition, most of the experiments are carried out in vitro, which cannot accurately simulate the oral environment. Therefore, the antibacterial effect, cytotoxicity and immune response of these materials in vivo still need further research and exploration. This paper reviewed the potential antibacterial mechanisms and the safety of those nanoparticles and their applications in dentistry.