Functional orthodontics is one of the most important methods in the treatment of skeletal class Ⅱ malocclusion in adolescents. A deep understanding of the many factors affecting the effect of functional orthopedics can improve the efficiency of correction and achieve good results. In this paper, from the two aspects of patients and appliances, we analyzed the factors that affect the curative effect of class Ⅱ malocclusion functional orthopedics and deeply analyzed the therapeutic mechanism of functional appliances to guide clinical treatment. The results of the literature review show that the peak period of growth and development is the best period for the treatment of skeletal Class Ⅱ malocclusion. For patients with a vertical growth type, it is recommended to use a high head cap traction appliance to prevent the lower jaw from rotating backward and downward, and functional appliances such as titanium plates or implant nail-assisted anchorage can effectively reduce the lip inclination of the lower anterior teeth. In addition, compared with the traditional functional appliance, digital and personalized transparent braces are not only more aesthetically pleasing, comfortable and beneficial to periodontal health but also have many orthopedic appliances advantages, such as two-stage fusion, better incisor torque and vertical control of the posterior teeth, and can solve the problems of anterior interference and lateral deficiency while leading. With the development of digital orthodontics, transparent appliances have become an important developmental direction for functional appliances, but there are few related studies, and more clinical studies are needed to confirm their efficacy.