Three dimensionally printed composite porous bone tissue engineering scaffolds have become a research focus. Composite polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has good biocompatibilityand degradability, but it cannot be prepared independently because it cannot resist highmechanical resistance. This material shows many advantages, such as good biocompatibility, degradability and mechanical properties, when compounded with other materials with good mechanical properties and good biocompatibility. Therefore, 3D printed composite PVA scaffold material can optimize the performance of PVA scaffolds. This article reviews 3D printing bone scaffold technology, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and composite PVA scaffolds for in vivo and in vitro bone formation.