Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common oral cancer. Previous studies have found significantly high miR-155 expression in OSCC. However, the mechanism by which miR-155 plays a role in OSCC oncogenesis is not yet clear. This article reviews the function of the relationship between miR-155 and tumors and the potential role of miR-155 in the development of OSCC. A literature review showed that mir-155, as a small carcinogenic RNA, can inhibit CDC73, BCL6, P27Kip1 and other target genes that play a role in cancer inhibition; promote the proliferation, migration and invasion of OSCC cells; and inhibit apoptosis. miR-155 can also be combined with biological factors (Epstein-Barr virus, human papillomavirus) to promote the development of OSCC.