Increasing numbers of edentulous patients and patients with dental defects are willing to accept implant restorations. However，the development of peri-implantitis is a major factor leading to implant failure. The worsening of peri-implantitis promotes the secretion of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α and the gene expression of RANKL，inhibits the gene expression of OPG，and increases osteoclast activity，which promotes bone absorption indirectly and leads to a negative balance in bone metabolism. To gain knowledge about the relationship between peri-implantitis and NF-κB signaling pathways，this article summarizes related reports about peri-implantitis and NF-κB signaling pathways，explores the regulatory mechanism by which peri-implantitis affects bone metabolism and NF-κB signaling，discusses the effect of immunological cytokines on NF-κB signaling pathways when inflammation arises，and provides a theoretical foundation for peri-implantitis research and prevention.