First-aid medicine is indispensable in emergency treatments, and the rational use of first-aid medicine is directly related to efficacy. Oral treatment seems to be simple, but there are still many potential risks with different levels. Therefore, the rational use of first-aid medicine is related to the patient's life. First-aid drugs that are commonly used in oral practice include anti-shock vasoactive drugs, anti-heart failure drugs, anti-arrhythmia drugs, anti-angina drugs, glucocorticoids, anti-allergy drugs, electrolytes and acid-base balance regulators. This article summarizes the indications, usages, common adverse reactions and cautions of emergency medicine in the oral clinic. Additionally, the rational usage of first-aid medicine in the dental clinic is discussed. This work is expected to provide some suggestions for the reasonable use of emergency medicine in domestic dental clinics.