To compare the clinical effect of three different kinds of materials used in apexification.

Sixty immature permanent teeth with pulpitis, pulp necrosis, periapical periodontitis were selected and randomly assigned to 3 groups according to registration order. Group A was treated with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), group B with Vitapex, and the control group with calcium hydroxide. All patients were recalled 3, 6 and 12 months after initial treatment.

Pearson Chi-square test showed that the efficacy rate of group A was significantly higher than group B and the control group (P＜0.05) in the visits of 3 months and 6 months after treatment. And efficacy rate of group B is also higher than the control group, but no statistical difference was found between two groups in the final visit (12 months). The efficacy rate of group A is 94.1%, group B is 75.0% and the control group is 58.8%. The statistical difference was found between group A and control group, but it was not found between group A and group B or between group B and the control group.

Compared with calcium hydroxide and Viatapex, MTA for apexification has better performance in apexification.