With the development of implant dentistry and biomaterials, dental implants have become the first rehabilitative option proposed for the treatment of missing teeth. Most studies about dental implants and biomaterials currently focus on osteogenesis and the osseointegration of the implant, neglecting the importance of the immune response. In recent years, the development of osteoimmunology has been one of the greatest achievements in bone biomaterials; osteoimmunology has revealed the vital role of immune cells in regulating bone dynamics, implying the value of studies on materials with favorable osteoimmunomodulatory properties. This article reviews the integration between bone tissue and implants and summarizes the effects of the immune response during osseointegration and new bone formation to show the importance of regulating the immune response in this process. The effect of macrophages on osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis is then reviewed due to the high plasticity and multiple roles of macrophages during this process. Accordingly, the interaction between the implants, the immune systems and the skeletal system is explained, showing the potential value of osteoimmunomodulation as a biological principle for developing bone biomaterials and new types of implants.

Nowadays, dental implant is the first therapeutic choice of the edentulous patients. A firm functional soft tissue seal between the transmucosal part of implants and the surrounding soft tissues is significant to the long-term survival of the implant as well as the stable osseointegration. There are many research on the osseointegration, but less in the transmucosal part of the implant. In this review, we combined the implant neck design of our own with the international study in this field, in order to discuss the relationship between the implant neck design and the marginal bone loss, interact with the soft tissue, the antibacterial activity.