High-performance lead-free piezoelectric ceramics with knockdown strain hysteresis are key components of high-precision actuators. However, high strain hysteresis in BaTiO3-based ceramics results in stability degradation, lifespan reduction, and inferior positioning accuracy. Therefore, in this work, a (1−x)Ba(Sn0.11Ti0.89)O3–xSrTiO3–0.6 wt% MnO2 (BST–xST) composition is elaborately designed to reduce strain hysteresis. Ultralow strain hysteresis (4.8%) is achieved by adjusting the phase structure and domain configuration. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results revealed that the composition consists of a rhombohedral–orthorhombic–tetragonal–cubic (R–O–T–C) four-phase, nanodomains, and active polar nanoregions (PNRs). Moreover, the piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) results revealed that these active PNRs can respond quickly to applied electric field stimuli. These findings provide a feasible path to prepare piezoelectric compositions with ultralow strain hysteresis.
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Open Access
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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2025, 14(10): 9221160
Published: 31 October 2025
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