Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract whose pathogenesis is not yet clear and it tends to recurrent. The global prevalence of IBD has reached 0.3% and is increasing as a result of changes in living environment and dietary habits. Current treatments for IBD focus on anti-inflammatory drugs and intestinal immunomodulatory therapy, and recent studies on intestinal microorganisms have shown that the occurrence of IBD is closely related to changes in the intestinal flora and some intestinal microorganisms can alleviate IBD in various ways. In this paper, we review the application and action mechanism of the probiotic intestinal bacterium Bifidobacterium and its preparations in IBD treatment, expecting to provide a reference for the treatment of IBD by probiotics.