Strontium is of great significance to human health and participates in various physiological functions and biochemical effects. It has great prospects in the development of health products and natural medicines. Strontium not only has a protective effect on bone diseases, dental caries and cardiovascular diseases, but also maintains reproductive health. In addition, more and more studies have confirmed that strontium also has many functions such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-adipogenesis, anti-cancer, anti-diabetes, pro-angiogenesis and heart protecting functions. In order to provide a theoretical basis for the development of strontium rich foods and the application of strontium in nutrition, this paper reviews the relationship between strontium and calcium, the safety of strontium, and its safety threshold and major physiological functions.