Salmonella is one of the main factors threatening food safety and human health. Controlling contamination of Salmonella has become a common concern in the field of food research. This article comprehensively describes the survival strategies of Salmonella, namely, biofilm formation, acid and heat resistance, and food matrix differences ensuring their survival and reproduction, Besides, the physicochemical and biological methods used to control Salmonella pollution are summarized in detail. We hope that this review can provide a theoretical foundation for further studies on the hazard control of Salmonella and improvement in food safety.