The formation of microbial biofilm has a great impact on food safety, which seriously threatens people’s health and is recognized as one of the food safety hazards worldwide. Anti-biofilm materials have been gradually applied in the field of food microbial safety due to their advantages like reducing microbial hazards and cross-contamination in food production and processing. In this context, this paper begins with an overview of the definition and preparation methods of anti-biofilm materials and their classification based on the type of active substances used, followed by a review of the current status of the application of anti-biofilm materials in the food industry. Finally, we conclude this review with an outlook on the future development of anti-biofilm materials. This paper can provide a theoretical basis for further research on anti-biofilm materials to comprehensively promote the application of such materials in the field of food microbial safety, and also provide effective technical strategies for guaranteeing food safety and human health.