Peaches are rich in nutrients as one of the fruits favored by consumers. However, peaches are subject to damage during growth, picking and storage, causing a decline in the quality and seriously impairing the economic value of peaches. Therefore, detection techniques for peach quality are of paramount importance in ensuring the commercial value of fruits. However, traditional detection methods have the disadvantages of destroying samples, being time-consuming, and high cost. Nondestructive detection methods such as those basevd on acoustic, mechanical, dielectric or optical characteristics as well as electronic nose, especially the detection methods based on optical characteristics, have been developed rapidly due to their nondestructiveness, rapidity and accuracy. At present, they have been widely used in the internal and external quality detection of peach fruit. However, there is a lack of systematic summary on their advantages, disadvantages and future prospects. This paper summarizes the latest progress in the application of the nondestructive techniques to evaluate the external quality (size, shape, color, aroma, and surface defects) and internal quality (variety, sugar content, titratable acid, hardness, chilling damage, and insect damage) of peach fruit. In addition, the problems of using the nondestructive techniques to detect peach quality and future directions in this field are discussed. It is expected that this review will provide reference for research on nondestructive detection techniques for peach quality.