Globally, the prevalence of obesity is rising. Gingerol, a major bioactive phenolic compound in ginger, possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial functions and has the potential to improve obesity. In recent years, many studies have explored the mechanisms of the antiobesity and lipid-lowering action of gingerol. In this article, we review the antiobesity and lipid-lowering mechanisms of gingerol with respect to its effect on adipocyte growth, fatty acid metabolism, cholesterol metabolism and the intestinal flora, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the development and comprehensive utilization of gingerol as a potential ingredient in functional foods and medicine.