Two-dimensional conjugated metal–organic framework (2D c-MOF) nanosheets have garnered significant research interest owing to their suite of distinctive properties. Consequently, diverse synthetic methodologies have been established for the fabrication of 2D c-MOFs exhibiting well-defined nanosheet morphology. In addition, the structural engineering of 2D c-MOF nanosheets for energy storage and conversion has emerged as a prominent research focus. This review comprehensively summarizes recent advancements in 2D c-MOF nanosheets. We commence with a concise overview of diverse synthesis strategies for these materials. Subsequently, progress in their utilization as electrode materials or catalysts for batteries, supercapacitors, and electrocatalysis/photocatalysis is systematically examined. Finally, prevailing challenges and prospective research directions are discussed. Collectively, this review aims to stimulate the development of sophisticated 2D c-MOF nanosheets for high-performance energy applications.