Electrocatalysis offers a sustainable route for olefin oxidation, attracting considerable attention. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of core elements governing olefin electrocatalyst performance and mechanism, examining catalyst microenvironment, reaction-equipment compatibility, and in-situ characterization. Focusing on catalyst design, it analyzes key performance and mechanistic factors including morphology/dimensions, metal/metal oxide composition, valence states, crystal facets, coordination environment, and alloy synergy. The review also summarizes and prospects emerging catalyst types, coupled reaction systems, reactor design, and in-situ characterization techniques. It holds significant value for the targeted development and industrial application of olefin epoxidation catalysts and broader organic synthesis.