In conventional tungsten oxide-based electrochromic batteries (ECBs), tungsten oxide acts as the cathode and Zn foil as the anode, but low redox potential leads to a limited discharge plateau, low areal capacitance, and power density, restricting practical applications. In this study, a novel WO3||acid-modified graphite foil (WO3||AGF) ECB was developed using AGF as the cathode, WO3 as the anode, and a hybrid Zn2+/Al3+ electrolyte. The AGF offers advantages, such as high ion storage capacity, fast kinetics, and a high electrode potential, ensuring a high discharge voltage and capacity for the WO3||AGF ECB. The prepared WO3||AGF ECB not only exhibits excellent electrochromic performance but also demonstrates superior energy storage capabilities. At a charge/discharge current density of 0.5 mA·cm−2, the WO3||AGF ECB achieves a stable discharge capacity of 315.6 mAh·m−2, which is 7.8 times higher than that of the traditional Zn||WO3 ECB. Moreover, the rapid ion diffusion kinetics of the AGF ensure the cycling stability of the device at high voltages, maintaining 94.4% optical modulation after 8000 coloring/bleaching cycles. This work provides a novel approach by designing more compatible electrode material systems to achieve ECBs with high energy and power densities.
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Nano Research 2025, 18(12): 94907799
Published: 06 November 2025
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