Micro/nanoplastics (M/NPs) have become pervasive environmental pollutants, posing significant risks to human health through various exposure routes, including ingestion, inhalation, and direct contact. This review systematically examined the potential impacts of M/NPs on ocular health, focusing on exposure pathways, toxicological mechanisms, and resultant damage to the eye. Ocular exposure to M/NPs can occur via direct contact and oral ingestion, with the latter potentially leading to the penetration of particles through ocular biological barriers into ocular tissues. The review highlighted that M/NPs can induce adverse effects on the ocular surface, elevate intraocular pressure, and cause abnormalities in the vitreous and retina. Mechanistically, oxidative stress and inflammation are central to M/NP-induced ocular damage, with smaller particles often exhibiting greater toxicity. Overall, this review underscored the potential risks of M/NPs to ocular health and emphasized the need for further research to elucidate exposure mechanisms, toxicological pathways, and mitigation strategies.
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Open Access
Review Article
Issue
Open Access
Investigation
Issue
To investigate the progression of myopia and risk factors among university students in central China.
A total of 7359 first-year undergraduate students at Huazhong University of Science and Technology in central China were recruited to the study and invited to a centralized clinic for medical examination, including optometry, and re-examined after one year. Correlation analyses were performed to assess the associations between one-year myopia progression and various parameters.
The spherical equivalent refraction for the overall population was -3.14±2.28 D at baseline. The rate of myopia progression over 0.50 D after one year was 41.9%, and the 1-year progression of myopia was -0.47±0.58 D. There was no difference of mean 1-year myopia progression between male and female or difference among age group. The myopia progression of original myopia was severer than progression of new-onset myopia. There was also difference of mean myopia progression among different degrees of myopia at baseline. The under corrected eyes had a higher percentage of myopia progression than well corrected eyes (χ2=7.90, P<0.01). There was no correlation between myopia progression and height, weight, body mass index, hemoglobin (Spearman correlation, ρ=-0.078, -0.152, -0.170, -0.096, respectively, all P>0.05).
Myopes still progress in undergraduate students, especially in high myopes.
Open Access
Clinical Research
Issue
To investigate the aqueous vein in vivo by using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).
In this cross-sectional comparative study, 30 healthy participants were enrolled. Images of the aqueous and conjunctival veins were captured by EDI-OCT and OCTA before and after water loading. The area, height, width, location depth and blood flow of the aqueous vein and conjunctival vein were measured by Image J software.
In the static state, the area of the aqueous vein was 8166.7±3272.7 μm2, which was smaller than that of the conjunctival vein (13690±7457 μm2, P<0.001). The mean blood flow density of the aqueous vein was 35.3%±12.6%, which was significantly less than that of the conjunctival vein (51.5%±10.6%, P<0.001). After water loading, the area of the aqueous vein decreased significantly from 8725.8±779.4 μm2 (baseline) to 7005.2±566.2 μm2 at 45min but rose to 7863.0±703.2 μm2 at 60min (P=0.032). The blood flow density of the aqueous vein decreased significantly from 41.2%±4.5% (baseline) to 35.4%±3.2% at 30min but returned to 45.6%±3.6% at 60min (P=0.021).
The structure and blood flow density of the aqueous vein can be effectively evaluated by OCT and OCTA. These may become biological indicators to evaluate aqueous vein changes and aqueous outflow resistance under different interventions in glaucoma patients.
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