In order to study the evolution law and mechanical characteristics of anchor solids under the support of constant resistance anchor rods with constant resistance deformation performance, a similar physical model of constant resistance anchor rods was designed and developed based on the strengthening theory and similar theory of surrounding rock strength. Taking constant resistance anchor solids as the research object, using theoretical analysis and indoor tests to reveal the evolution laws of cracks, displacement fields and temperature fields of anchor solids with different support quantities under uniaxial compression conditions. The test results show that: (1) Under uniaxial compression conditions, when the number of constant resistance anchor supports is 0, 1, 2 and 4 sets, the macro crack and speckle cloud pattern of anchor solid are double " Y", "人", "Ⅲ." and "Ⅱ.". (2) The number of bolt supports increases, the vertical peak bearing pressure and the maximum vertical constant resistance value of the anchor solid increase, and the vertical bearing capacity, lateral constant resistance deformation, maximum principal strain rate and lateral deformation capacity increase; (3) The anchor solid still has a certain bearing capacity in the internal plastic zone under the support of the anchor rod, and the strength of the anchor solid after the peak is improved, and the thermal radiation effect caused by internal particle friction is gradually enhanced; (4) The number of bolt supports increases, the maximum rate of change of average infrared radiation temperature increases from 0.098% to 1.56%, and the amplitude and response degree of the curve increases; The range value of the variance of the original infrared thermal image sequence increased from 0.0009 to 0.25, and the curve fluctuation is more obvious than that of the average infrared radiation temperature curve, and the response degree is gradually improved.