In order to explore the effect and mechanism of rapid heat treatment (RHT) on promoting callus formation in postharvest sweet potato tubers, ‘Dayehong’ sweet potatoes were artificially wounded and divided into a positive control group, a negative control group, and an RHT group. The positive control group was subjected to traditional heat treatment (35 ℃ for two days), and the negative control group was not subjected to any heat treatment. The RHT group was subjected to heat treatment at 65 ℃ for 15 min. All groups were stored at 13 ℃. The experimental period was seven days, consisting of heat treatment and storage. Lignin and suberin deposition at the wound site were observed during wound healing. The intermediate products and enzyme activities in reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism were determined, as well as antioxidant activity and the key enzyme activities in the phenylpropane metabolism pathway and the contents of lignin and phenols. The results showed that RHT could effectively promote lignin and suberin deposition at the wound site, and its effect was similar to that of the positive control. On the 6^th day of the experiment, the thickness of lignin and suberin deposition was significantly higher than that in the control groups (P < 0.05). RHT treatment significantly promoted the rapid accumulation of H₂O₂, hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion radical contents, induced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and significantly increased the scavenging capacity against (1,1-dipheny1-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS) cation radical of sweet potato callus during wound healing (P < 0.05). RHT could also induce the increase in phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), cinnamic acid-4-hydroxylase (C4H), 4-coumaryl coenzyme A ligase (4CL) and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) activities and make them reach their peak earlier during wound healing, and promoted the accumulation of total phenols, flavonoids and lignin. Meanwhile, RHT significantly increased the contents of neochlorogenic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid and epicatechin in sweet potato callus. In conclusion, RHT could not only maintain the dynamic balance of ROS in callus by stimulating the accumulation of ROS and increasing antioxidant activity, but also activate the key enzymes in the phenylpropane metabolic pathway to produce a large number of secondary metabolites and accelerate the deposition of lignin and suberin, thereby promoting rapid wound healing in sweet potato tubers.

The main purpose of this study was to improve the function and quality of frozen purple sweet potato cubes. In this study, osmotic dehydration (OD), natural drying, hot air drying and freeze drying (FD) were used as pretreatment methods to evaluate the changes in anthocyanin composition of purple sweet potato after freezing and thawing, and to identify the most effective pretreatment methods to reduce the loss of anthocyanin in the freeze-thawing process. The results showed that after freezing and thawing, OD-treated purple sweet potato exhibited a significant decrease in total colordifference compared with the other pretreatment groups (P < 0.05), and the colour was closest to that of the fresh samples. Compared with other treatment groups, OD and FD pretreatment could significantly inhibit the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) activities of purple sweet potato after dehydration (P < 0.05), while the OD-treated group had the lowest PPO and POD activities. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging capacity and total antioxidant capacity were maintained at a higher level in the OD- and FD-treated groups compared to the other pretreatment groups. Twenty-seven Anthocyanins in purple sweet potato were lost after freezing and thawing. Compared with other pretreatments, OD pretreatment minimised the loss of anthocyanins after dehydration and freeze-thawing of purple potato cubes. Therefore, OD is the most effective pretreatment method for anthocyanin protection infrozen purple sweet potato, which is suitable for freezing storage of purple sweet potato to be used for anthocyanin extraction.

In order to investigate the effect of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GSBa-1 on polyphenol synthesis and phenylpropanoid metabolism in Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis Swingle stored at normal temperature, C. medica L. var. sarcodactylis Swingle was soaked in a 1 × 10⁸ CFU/mL suspension of B. amyloliquefaciens GSBa-1, taken out and air-dried before being stored at room temperature. The contents of total soluble solids (TSS) and titratable acids (TA), ethylene release, respiration intensity, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity, H₂O₂ concentration, polyphenol content and enzyme activities related to the phenylpropane metabolic pathway were measured. The results showed that treatment with GSBa-1 reduced ethylene release and respiratory intensity, inhibited peel color change and fruit softening, induced an increase in phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H) activities, rapidly promoted the synthesis of gallic acid and caffeic acid as representatives of phenolic acids, induced the accumulation of flavonoids and flavanols such as hesperidin, seroxin and diosmin, increased the contents of total phenols and total flavonoids, and improved DPPH radical scavenging capacity and H₂O₂ content and consequently fruit resistance. It can be concluded that B. amylolytic GSBa-1 can activate the phenylpropane metabolic pathway, and stimulate the synthesis and accumulation of polyphenols, thereby delaying post-ripening and senescence and improving storage quality of C. medica L. var. sarcodactylis Swingle.

Calcium salts are commonly used as specific texture-improving additives for preserved fruits and vegetables, pickles, and candied fruits. Osmotic dehydration modified freezing parameters of agro-products, through its high osmotic effect and solute-solvent exchange, effectively preserves the quality of blueberries in terms of color and active substances while facilitating the penetration of additives into fruit and vegetable cells. This study aims to investigate the impact of combining calcium salts as cryoprotectants with high-concentration sugar solution immersion during osmotic dehydration at room temperature on the textural quality of thawed blueberries. Comparison of the effects of three calcium salt cryoprotectants represented by calcium propionate, calcium lactate, and calcium chloride and treatments with concentrations of 0.5, 1.5, 3.0, and 5.0 g/mL calcium propionate on the quality of freeze-thawed blueberries. The effects on freeze-thaw quality were assessed by examining the appearance of blueberries after freeze-thaw, measuring quality indicators such as hardness, elasticity, chewiness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, and resilience, as well as determining the content of soluble pectin, covalently bound pectin, and ionically bound pectin. The results indicated that the osmotic dehydration treatment with calcium salt and sugar solution effectively reduced wrinkling and texture softening of blueberries after freeze-thaw. The juice loss rate of the calcium propionate and sugar solution-treated group was approximately 25.42% lower than that of the control group, significantly lower than (P < 0.05) the other treatment groups, confirming calcium propionate as the optimal calcium salt additive. Optimization screening of the calcium propionate concentration revealed that at 1.5 g/mL, it significantly reduced juice loss and cell membrane permeability of blueberry fruits after freeze-thaw (P< 0.05) , resulting in a hardness of 1.54 N, elasticity of 0.75 mm, soluble pectin, covalently bound pectin, and ionically bound pectin contents of 1.03, 0.83 and 0.68 mg/g, respectively. This effectively mitigated the softening of blueberry fruits and maintained optimal freeze-thaw quality. The combination of 1.5 g/mL calcium propionate concentration with osmotic dehydration technology enhances the quality of freeze-thawed blueberries, making them suitable for consumption and processing. The results of this experiment showed that 1.5 g/mL calcium propionate combined with 65 g/mL sugar solution could effectively protect the texture parameters of blueberries after freeze-thaw, including hardness, elasticity, chewability, adhesiveness, cohesiveness and resilience, maintain the stability of long chain covalently bound pectin, and inhibit the formation of short chain soluble pectin and loose ion-bound pectin. And minimize the juice loss rate and cell membrane permeability. These results indicate that the osmotic dehydration of 1.5 g/mL calcium propionate combined sugar solution can maximize the effective combination of calcium ions and blueberry pectin, form a "calcium bridge" to inhibit the decomposition of long chain pectin, maintain the integrity of cell wall, reduce the damage of ice crystals to blueberries, and make blueberry fruits have better texture and quality. This study provides technical support and theory to solve the problem of texture softening caused by intolerant freezing of blueberry raw materials, and is conducive to promoting the application of new collaborative freezing technology in frozen storage of processed raw materials. The research findings not only provide a data foundation for addressing the issue of fruit softening caused by long-term freezing in the blueberry processing industry, but also provide a theoretical basis for developing cryoprotectants and modification techniques to enhance the frozen storage quality of fruits and vegetables.