In order to improve the bioavailability of resveratrol (Res), resveratrol was encapsulated in recombinant human heavy-chain ferritin (rHuHF) by ultrasonic treatment. rHuHF-Res were characterized, the interaction between Res and rHuHF was analyzed, and the antioxidant properties of rHuHF-Res were evaluated in simulated gastrointestinal juices. The results showed that approximately 22 resveratrol molecules could be encapsulated in one ferritin molecule with an encapsulation efficiency of 11.25%. Transmission electron microscopicy (TEM) results showed that resveratrol was encapsulated into the cavity of ferritin. The particle size of rHuHF-Res composites was not different from that of rHuHF as when detected by a laser particle size analyzer. The cavity of ferritin could protect Res from photothermal degradation. The results of ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy showed that ferritin and resveratrol could interact through hydrogen bonds and other forces. After digestion, the superoxide anion radical and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity of the composites were significantly higher than those of resveratrol (P < 0.05). The ferritin-resveratrol nanoparticles have good photothermal stability and antioxidant property, which provides a certain theoretical basis for its future development and utilization.

In this study, a water-in-oil-in-water (W₁/O/W₂) multiple emulsion stabilized by dextran-ferritin-resveratrol (Dex-rHuHF-Res) nanoparticles was prepared by a two-step emulsification method. Its stability and potential for the delivery of bioactive substances were analyzed. The results showed that when the concentration of polyglycerol ricinoleate (PGPR) was 7% (V/V), the ratio of aqueous phase (W₁) to oil phase (O) was 3: 7, and the ratio of W₁/O to outer aqueous phase (W₂) was 4: 6, the emulsion had homogeneous appearance, uniform droplet size distribution, the smallest particle size (472 nm), and the highest apparent viscosity and storage modulus (G’). At pH 7, 100 mmol/L NaCl concentration and low centrifugal force, the emulsion maintained good stability. In unfavorable environment, compared with free chlorogenic acid, astaxanthin and resveratrol, the retention rates of chlorogenic acid, astaxanthin and resveratrol loaded in the multiple emulsion were significantly improved (P < 0.05). The bioaccessibilities of chlorogenic acid, astaxanthin, and resveratrol loaded in the W₁/O/W₂ emulsion were significantly increased (P < 0.05), and the antioxidant property of the emulsion was obviously enhanced (P < 0.05). This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of the W₁/O/W₂ emulsion stabilized by Dex-rHuHF-Res nanoparticles in the delivery of active substances.