With the increasing share of uncertain renewable energy generation and natural gas-fired power production in power systems, a deep integration between power and natural gas systems is highly desirable. We develop a three-stage coordinated operation model for two coupled systems, using stochastic programming to adapt to the uncertainty of wind power production. Compared with the conventional two-stage model, we introduce the intra-day-stage operation and obtain a more flexible adjustment. The natural gas system operation is a single stage (i.e., day-ahead scheduling), which is consistent with current practice. The fluctuation in gas demand associated with power generation caused by the intermittent wind power production at the intra-day and real-time operation is balanced by the line pack. Numerical results of two test systems verify the superiority of the proposed model over the two-stage model.

The increasing penetration of distributed energy sources in electric power and natural gas distribution networks in recent years has led to a shift from the conventional centralized trading mode to decentralized trading. However, current decentralized energy trading developments, such as those based on the peer-to-peer (P2P) paradigm, have mainly focused on electric power grids, while regional integrated energy systems coupled by multiple energy sources are currently restricted to centralized scheduling generally. This present work addresses this issue by developing a P2P market transaction model for regional integrated energy systems. First, the privacy of each participating agent is preserved by conducting a trade matching process between producers and consumers, and the P2P trading strategy is constructed. Then, the feasibility of the obtained trading strategy is confirmed by the operation center of the regional integrated energy system by conducting collaborative optimization scheduling based on the P2P energy trading results. Moreover, the locational marginal price is employed to calculate the P2P network usage charge. This charge is then equally distributed between producers and consumers to incentivize balanced utilization of the distribution network and ensure equitable benefits from P2P transactions. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed P2P trading framework are demonstrated based on numerical results obtained for realistic regional integrated electric and natural gas systems.