Through a systematic review of 94 pieces of literature related to the impact of floating photovoltaic power stations on aquatic ecological environments, the effects of such power stations on abiotic factors in water bodies (water temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration, nutrient concentration, and pollutant distribution) and aquatic organisms (phytoplankton, aquatic plants, zooplankton, fishes, and birds) were analyzed. It concludes that the photovoltaic panel coverage ratio is the core factor driving ecological effects. Floating photovoltaic power stations reshape phytoplankton community structures through light-thermal coupled stress, inhibit the photosynthesis of submerged plants, alter fish metabolic rhythms and birds' migration behaviors, and trigger cross-trophic-level ecological cascade effects. By combining zonal layout and material optimization while balancing power generation benefits and ecological protection, a dynamic regulatory strategy for the floating photovoltaic coverage ratio is used: Coverage ratio in core water areas should be less than 30%, while that in ecological buffer zones should be set between 30% and 60%. It also points out the need for future research to further analyze the superimposed response mechanisms of photothermal effects and climate change, construct hydrodynamic-ecological coupling models, and promote the development of floating photovoltaic power generation toward a sustainable model featuring multi-energy complementarity and ecological synergy.

To investigate the evolutionary trend of leaf chlorophyll under water stress and accurately characterize the relationship between water stress intensity and chlorophyll content distribution, Chinese cabbage cultivated in greenhouses of Nanjing City was taken as the research object. Hyperspectral imaging technology was employed to obtain the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of the leaf chlorophyll distribution during the water stress process. The influence patterns of water stress on the distribution evolution and degradation process of chlorophyll in Chinese cabbage were systematically analyzed, and a sensitive indicator for water stress, namely the chlorophyll content degradation trend index (D_e), was proposed. The results show that compared with the greenness analysis of visible light images, hyperspectral images can rapidly and accurately capture the distribution and variation characteristics of plants’ chlorophyll content, enabling precise analysis of the degradation and evolution characteristics and regularity of plants’ chlorophyll under water stress. As water stress intensifies, leaves gradually turn yellow and senesce, and chlorophyll exhibits a gradual attenuation trend from the leaf edge to the leaf center; D_e shows good sensitivity and accuracy to water stress in Chinese cabbage plants, and it can be used for precise early warning of crops’ water stress and assessment of water shortage stages.

Based on a comprehensive review of domestic and international research progress regarding the source distribution characteristics, migration and transformation mechanisms, ecological and environmental risks, and main removal methods of typical emerging contaminants (including pesticides, antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes, microplastics, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl compounds) in agricultural ecosystems, this study investigates the impact of changes in farmland irrigation and drainage conditions on the transport of emerging contaminants. The study proposes that future research should strengthen the whole-life cycle monitoring of emerging contaminants in agricultural ecosystems to accurately identify the sources, types, distribution patterns, and concentration levels of typical emerging contaminants. Particular attention should be paid to their transport, transformation, and bioaccumulation effects during different crop growth stages and through farmland irrigation and drainage systems. Further understanding should be developed regarding their accumulation and transformation processes in the water-soil-crop system and associated ecological risks. Additionally, an applicable technical system for emerging contaminant removal should be established by integrating with farmland ditch and drainage engineering. These advancements will provide technical support for the prevention and control of emerging contaminants in China’s agricultural systems, ensuring regional ecological security and promoting high-quality green development.

Reservoirs play a critical role in addressing water resources challenges. However, their vertical influence on the assembly mechanisms of different microbial communities, including prokaryotes and eukaryotes, remains unclear. This study examined the vertical diversity patterns of abundant and rare subcommunities of prokaryotes and eukaryotes in an urban reservoir, using water depth as a geographical gradient and employing high-throughput sequencing. The impact of vertical environmental heterogeneity on community structure was quantified, and key drivers of these dynamics were identified. The results indicated that the urban reservoir exhibited statistically significant differences in the vertical distribution of water temperature and oxidation/reduction potential. The α-diversity of the abundant subcommunity displayed an opposing vertical pattern compared to that of the rare subcommunity, while the β-diversity for both subcommunities of prokaryotes and eukaryotes increased with water depth. Moreover, the distinct diversity patterns of abundant and rare subcommunities were associated with environmental heterogeneity and species adaptability. Notably, the β-diversity of the rare subcommunity of eukaryotes was primarily driven by species turnover in surface water, whereas nestedness became the dominant factor in deeper water. Furthermore, eukaryotic microbes exhibited a more pronounced response to changes in water depth than prokaryotes, consistent with the importance of heterogeneous selection to the eukaryotic community. Water temperature significantly affected the community composition of all groups, highlighting its importance in shaping community dynamics. This study provides valuable insights into the vertical distribution and assembly mechanisms of microbial communities in urban reservoirs, contributing to the protection and management of aquatic ecosystems under river regulation.