The application of high-performance resin matrix composites in helicopter structures is critically challenged by solid particle erosion (sand erosion), which undermines structural integrity and limits service longevity. This paper systematically reviews recent advances in sand erosion damage of resin matrix composites. The fundamental concepts and theories of erosion are first introduced, clarifying the physical nature and primary failure modes. Key factors governing erosion resistance are then synthesized from three aspects: intrinsic parameters (material formulation, microstructure, and interfacial adhesion), extrinsic parameters (particle kinematics and impingement conditions), and environmental parameters (temperature and humidity). Experimental discrepancies arising from different testing protocols are critically compared. Current erosion testing standards and apparatus are also assessed for their applicability and limitations. Finally, in view of existing research gaps, future efforts are recommended to focus on multi-factor coupling mechanisms, damage evolution kinetics and life prediction modeling, and the design of novel erosion-resistant materials. This review aims to provide a theoretical foundation and technical reference for the reliable application of high-performance resin matrix composites in helicopter structural components.

This study investigates the performance evolution of T800/polyaryletherketone（PAEK） thermoplastic composites subjected to hygrothermal aging conditions. By meticulously controlling the cooling rate, two distinct types of carbon fiber-reinforced PAEK composites with varying crystallinities are prepared: CF/PAEK-CL（low crystallinity） and CF/PAEK-CH（high crystallinity）. These composites are then systematically examined for their moisture absorption behavior, thermal properties, and mechanical performance in hygrothermal environments. Experimental results reveal that the water absorption of CF/PAEK composites increases progressively over time, with CF/PAEK-CL exhibiting a notably higher moisture uptake rate due to its lower crystallinity. Following hygrothermal aging, the glass transition temperature（T_g） of all samples decreases, with CF/PAEK-CL experiencing a specific reduction of approximately 5%. Thermal analysis further indicates that hygrothermal aging has a negligible impact on the crystallinity of the materials, and notably, the high-crystallinity composite demonstrates superior thermal stability in such environments. Flexural testing results demonstrate that hygrothermal aging has a limited influence on the flexural strength and modulus of CF/PAEK composites, underscoring their robust resistance to the detrimental effects of hygrothermal conditions on flexural mechanical properties. This resilience ensures their long-term stability and reliability in harsh environments. The findings of this study offer pivotal data and theoretical insights, paving the way for the application of CF/PAEK composites in demanding service conditions.