The active management and control strategy in the weaving section of expressways plays a crucial role in enhancing operational efficiency and improving driving safety. Self-luminous road marking is a new type of road traffic safety active control facility. Because of its intelligent control, virtual and real transformation, emergency warning and other functional characteristics, it has attracted more and more attention and gradually promoted and applied. In order to explore the effect of the new road marking in the expressway weaving area, based on the driving simulation test, this paper analyzed the influence characteristics of self-luminous road marking on driving behavior from the perspective of drivers and evaluated the effect of self-luminous road marking. Two simulation scenarios were designed: one with conventional road markings and the other with self-luminous road markings under nighttime conditions. Driving behavior data were collected, and six indicators were selected to construct an evaluation system, focusing on driving safety, comfort, and driver control performance. These indicators include standard deviation of speed, standard deviation of lateral position, root mean square of longitudinal acceleration, standard deviation of acceleration, mean speed, and throttle effectiveness. Further analysis was conducted to examine the significance of differences and effect size levels of various indicators under different road marking scenarios. Finally, an extension matter-element model was applied to construct a comprehensive evaluation model to compare the effects of the two road marking schemes. The results indicate that self-luminous road markings significantly influence driving behavior characteristics in weaving sections. Under the self-luminous marking condition, drivers’lateral position perception and control levels is improved, speed regulation ability is increased, and vehicle movement becomes more stable. The comprehensive evaluation based on the extension matter-element model shows that self-luminous road markings are more effective than conventional road markings in enhancing driving safety in expressway weaving sections.