The formulation and nutritional characteristics of nutritionally complete foods for special medical purposes for children aged 1 to 10 years approved and registered by the State Administration for Market Regulation were examined and analyzed based on their label instructions. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the distribution of label values of protein, fat, or carbohydrates between different nutritionally complete food products. The average energy supply ratios of the three nutrients were 13.5%, 33.0%, and 53.5%, respectively, which were all within the appropriate range. The average label value of protein was 0.79 g/100 kJ, and the proportion of high-quality protein was 100%. The average energy supply ratios of linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid were 4.5% and 0.9%, respectively, which were significantly higher than the levels defined in the General rules of food for special medical purposes (GB 29922-2013). The vitamin and mineral label values of most products were equal to or up to 200% higher than the lower limit specified in GB 29922-2013. Optional ingredients such as dietary fiber, choline, and taurine were frequently used without the addition of fluoride or nucleotides. The most frequently used sources of protein, fat, and carbohydrate were whey protein, medium chain triglycerides, and maltodextrin, respectively.

At present, China has approved 100 kinds of foods containing proteins for special medical purposes, including nutritionally complete formulas, specific nutritionally complete formulas, protein modules, and liquid formulas. Eighty-four percent of them are produced using whey protein as the protein source. This review examines these food formulations, focusing on the application of whey protein powders in them. Based on current regulatory requirements and the characteristics of whey protein, we discuss future prospects for the application of whey protein powders in foods for special medical purposes. This review provides support for the research and development of foods for special medical purposes (FSMP).