Granular grain can be stored into the warehouse in food industry. The high loading efficiency is often required to optimize the land use for the effective grain preservation. The crucial warehouse mode has emerged in the regions with limited land resources. The diverse grain varieties can be stored to promote the sustainable development. Currently, the granular grain warehouse normally employs a load-bearing system that constituted by a reinforced concrete frame structure. The vertical gravity load of the grain is supported by the well-beam floors and large-section frame columns, while the lateral pressure exerted by the grain is directly absorbed by reinforced concrete horizontal tie-up beams integrated within the warehouse walls. The structural integrity of granular grain warehouses can also depend on the dynamic lateral pressure exerted by the storage material on the warehouse wall during seismic events. In this study, a scaled-down 1:25 three-story warehouse was designed and then produced to explore the effect of granular grains on the dynamic lateral pressure. Shaking table tests were carried out to simulate the varying ground vibration levels under three seismic waves. The data was collected on the acceleration and the lateral pressure that exerted on its walls. Analysed the seismic response characteristics of the storage material. Furthermore, the overpressure coefficient was obtained from the patterns of dynamic lateral pressure on the walls. The dynamic lateral pressure on the warehouse walls was also calculated. Acorrelation analysis was conducted between the height of warehouse and the timing of the peak moment, when the dynamic lateral pressure was exerted on the warehouse walls. Specifically, there was a noticeable lag in the occurrence of this peak moment, as the height of the building increased. Moreover, the peak moment of dynamic lateral pressure on the warehouse wall was consistently lagged behind that of acceleration on the same wall, particularly with the elevation of the height. The dynamic lateral pressure on the warehouse walls escalated progressively with each ascending floor. In the given floor, this dynamic lateral pressure incrementally intensified along the vertical extent of the warehouse walls. Each floor was found with an average increase of approximately 29% per floor. The dynamic lateral pressure exerted on the upper and middle sections of the warehouse walls was 2.5 and 1.4 times greater than that on the lower sections within the same floor. Consequently, the structural design of granular grain warehouses should consider these variations across different floor levels. The overpressure coefficient of the warehouse wall increased with the elevation of the floor, indicating a higher overall overpressure at upper levels. Within a single floor, the overpressure coefficient peaks at the upper section of the warehouse wall, with the middle and lower sections exhibiting lower and closer. Specifically, the maximum overpressure coefficients were 2.9, 3.4, and 4.1, respectively, for the first, second, and third floors of the warehouse walls. The overpressure on the warehouse walls was of significant concern, when subjected to seismic activity. It is very necessary to consider the influence of the dynamic lateral pressure on the warehouse wall across various floors. The seismic response of the storage materials can be used to elucidate the distribution pattern of dynamic lateral pressure. The overpressure on the warehouse walls can be assessed to calculate the lateral pressure on these walls. The findings can offer a strong reference for the warehouses of granular grains under seismic conditions.

Vertical silo is a type of container widely used in industrial and agricultural storage, transportation, and grain storage. According to its supporting structure, it can be divided into column supported and cylindrical supported types. As a modern grain storage warehouse type, column supported vertical silos have a small footprint, large storage capacity, and complete grain receiving, distribution, storage, cleaning, weighing, and automatic control functions. Different storage conditions have a significant impact on the dynamic characteristics of column supported vertical silos. To reveal the influence of grain dispersion on the dynamic characteristics of column supported vertical silos, an organic glass silo model with a scale ratio of 1:25 was designed and made based on an actual column supported vertical silo design. Vibration table modal tests, finite element numerical analysis, and natural frequency theoretical calculations were conducted under four storage states: empty, half, three-quarters, and full. The research results indicate that different grain storage conditions have a significant impact on the natural frequency of the column supported vertical silo test model. As the grain storage state changes, the natural frequency decreases significantly, and should be considered in structural design; The damping ratio is the smallest in an empty warehouse state, and it increases by 42.65% in a full warehouse state compared to an empty warehouse state. The more existing grain is stored in the warehouse, the greater the increase in damping ratio and the more obvious the shock absorption and energy consumption effect; There is a significant difference between the torsional stiffness of the finite element model and the first two translational stiffness. Compared with the first two periods, the natural frequency of the third order of empty, half, three-quarters and full grain storage conditions increased by 27.2%, 37.27%, 39.93% and 40.09% respectively; The average error between the first-order natural frequency of the finite element model and the experimental value is 5.1%. The constructed finite element model is relatively reasonable, providing a reasonable numerical simulation method for structural dynamic response analysis and structural design; The simplified three particle series multi degree of freedom elastic dynamic model accurately calculates the natural frequencies of column supported vertical silos under four storage conditions, with an average error of 5.6% between experimental and theoretical values. This study can provide reference for the calculation of dynamic characteristics of column supported vertical silo structures, and provide theoretical basis and experimental basis for their seismic performance design.